Hamlet

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Let Be - Hamlet Ushers in English Enlightenment Philosophy

Hamlet is caught betwixt and between. His penultimate thoughts fit the moment of approaching modernity perfectly:

If it be now, 'tis not to come;
If it be not now, yet it will come; the readiness is all.
Since no man knows aught of what he leaves,
What is't to leave betimes?
Let be.

If this is the answer to his question, "to be or not to be?" then what this means for the philosophical underpinnings of the play is a nice thought.

The choices as Hamlet laid them out in III.i were histrionic - the world and our lives are so wretched and overpowering, so completely destructive and impossible to control that maybe suicide is a viable alternative to taking arms against a sea of troubles.

By act V.ii when Hamlet is about to fence in the arranged match, one that Horatio suspects could be a trap, Hamlet is much more sanguine about everything. His sea change has given him a bit of perspective. Now, the answer to his 'to be or not to be' question' is no longer either suicide or a bombastic battle against fate's destructive hand, it is instead the soft control you claim by letting be, it is the peace of mind that comes from knowing things will work their way out.

In the First Quarto, the same line reads: “There's a predestinate providence in the fall of a sparrow." Scholars have wondered whether Shakespeare was censored, as the word “predestined” appears in this one Quarto of Hamlet, but not in others, and as censoring of plays was far from unusual at the time. The royal court's Privy Council feared that the doctrine of predestination would lead people to excuse the most traitorous of actions, with the excuse, “God made me do it.” English Puritans, for example, believed that conscience was a more powerful force than the law, due to the new ideas at the time that conscience came not from religious or government leaders, but from God directly to the individual.

Many leaders at the time condemned the doctrine, as: “unfit 'to keepe subjects in obedience to their sovereigns” as people might “openly maintayne that God hath as well pre-destinated men to be trayters as to be kings." King James, as well, often wrote about his dislike of Protestant leaders' taste for standing up to kings, seeing it as a dangerous trouble to society.

Throughout the play, Shakespeare mixes the two religions, making interpretation difficult. At one moment, the play is Catholic and medieval, in the next, it is logical and Protestant. Scholars continue to debate what part religion and religious contexts play in Hamlet.

This 'let be' answer to his question 'to be or not to be' could then be seen as a moment when the philosophy progresses out of the middle ages and into the enlightenment period.

Fred Gooltz

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